Speech is the submission of ideas, thoughts or information and the purpose of the speaker to another person (the audience) by oral transmission. Speech can also be interpreted as the art of persuasion, namely as an art to persuade / influence. Speaking nothing to do with rhetoric (rhetorica), namely the art of using language effectively. Speaking is not a simple job because in a speech about a few important elements such as: speaker, audience, purpose and content of speeches, preparation, terknik and ethics in speech.
Speech Objectives
Among the objectives of the speech, namely: (a) informative, aims to provide a report / knowledge or anything interesting for the listener, (b) persuasive and instructive, containing about efforts to encourage, convince and invite the audience to do something, (c) educational , try to emphasize on those aspects of education, for example on the importance of healthy living, and others, (d) entertainment, aims to provide refreshment to the audience that is more relaxed.
Techniques
There are four common speech techniques, namely: (a) Method of Script, which is speech that is used for official speeches and read directly. Done this way to avoid mistakes, because every word spoken in formal situations, will be disseminated and used by public figures and dikutuip by the mass media, (b) Method of Memorizing, the manuscript has been prepared in advance not to be read, but to be memorized; (c) Method of Spontaneity, the method of speech that is not done the preparation / manufacture prior written script. Usually done only by people who would appear suddenly, (d) Translation Method Framework. Mechanical speech with a speech outlining the material, patterned in full is a technique that is highly recommended in a speech. The purpose of the pattern that is material to be submitted should be prepared outline of its contents-grais by writing things that are considered most important to convey.
Material
Usually the speech material, either using a script and without script has four parts, namely (a) Introduction, which serves to bring to the subject matter to be discussed and an attempt to mentally prepare the audience. In this section the most important thing we are trying to awaken and direct the attention of the audience on the main issues to be discussed, (b) Contents. In this section the subject is shown by first revealed the background of the problem. The subject presented in such a way that seemed obvious to do with the interests of the audience. (C) Discussion. This section is a unity, which contains the reasons that support the things mentioned in the contents. In part this content usually contains various things about the explanations, reasons, supporting evidence, illustrations, figures and comparisons, contrasts, diagrams, models, and humor that are relevant, (d) Conclusion. This is the end of a speech, which is the overall conclusion from the previous description.
Before Speaking.
There are some preparations to be made before the speech, among others: (a) Determine the purpose of speech, (b) Choosing Issues, (c) Identifying and Analyzing the audience and the atmosphere, (d) To collect speech material, (e) Prepare Framework for Speech Material; (f) To exercise Speech, (g) Eliminate the feeling of “Fever” Stage by: focusing the mind on yourself, believe in yourself (PD), assume the audience did not know about what we are talking about, deepen the material well, prepare a draft speech a few days earlier, repeatedly reading the speech material, prepare a few hours before the show and do not be hasty, and adequate rest. Last of course is to pray.
When Speaking
(1) Opening.
The opening speech is an important part and meainkan role for the speaker, because this section can memeberikan first impression for the audience .. There are several ways that you can use a speaker for the opening of his speech: (a) by introducing yourself, or (b) Opening speech with humor, or (d) the opening speech with a general introduction.
(2) Core Speech.
After completing the opening with one of the above, then immediately proceed with the present subject matter.
(3) Closing Speech can be done by: (a) Make a summary or conclusion, or (b) restate the principles contained in the speech, or (c) tells the brief story of interest, or (d) quotes the words of pearl , phrase, or some stanza rhyme, or (e) invite or urge and put forward a compliment for the listeners
Ethics In Speaking
1 Ethics in public speeches include: (a) Wear appropriate clothing to the atmosphere of the meeting, neat, clean and polite; (b) Shown with a modest, polite and humble, (c) Insert some fresh humor in a speech, (d) Use words that are polite, refined, and simple, (e) As a final word do not forget to say sorry if there were words said that are less pleasing and others.
2. Ethics gave a speech in front of the officials: (a) Eliminate low self-esteem, (b) Do not appear as if patronizing, attitude is more to know and others, (c) Do not give excessive homage to the audience.
3. Speaking in front of religious leaders: (a) Do not remove the words that could offend a religious community, (b) Let no condescending tone or praise a particular religion, (c) Expand the religious terms
4. Ethics Speaking in front of women. When the speaker was a man, be careful not to offend the dignity of women; using appropriate terms such as mothers or sisters; avoid harsh words, less profane and irreverent;
5. Ethics Addressing Youth / Student. The speech should give priority to the world of reasoning that berikaitan young children; Do not remove the words that are opposed; Do not criticize and blame the young people
6. Addressing Ethics Village community. Do not lie; Use polite words and simple, when the need to insert some terms in the language stempat.
some critical issues related to speech. That need attention are: (a) Outstanding Talk. A speaker should wherever possible be seen by all audiences. If you can not sit down, try to stand, so that all audiences can look at his face and appearance of the speaker, (b) Adjust the Sound In Speaking. Try out the sound with a clear, assertive, and loud and adjust with meeting rooms, whether a small room or a spacious ballroom and large, (c) Volume, Intonation and Pronunciation. During a speech, organize business: volume, intonation, and pronunciation, (d) Insert rude humor, fresh and relevant, (e) Motion Body, such as hands, palms, fingers, heads, faces, etc. also supported the appeal in a speech, but not too excessive, and must comply with what is dibacarakan; (f) The use of microphones. If there is a microphone, use the best way possible, and do not stick in the mouth, but a bit far from the mouth during the speech for good voice, and (g) If there is a slide (in the form of OHP and LCD), visual aids, blackboard, very effective to support activities during a speech.
Cover
By the time we read a book or hear a lecture on speech techniques, it seems very simple. However, when we want to put it into practice, we will meet various constraints. Among less mastered the material, less control of the masses, not used to standing in front of the crowd, how to organize systematic conversation, adjust sound, and others. All these conditions will make the atmosphere becomes complicated. The most important thing we learn from sausana simple and small. Each one made a speech, both as speakers and deliver a speech, we should pay attention and try to assess the strengths and weaknesses. The surplus we take as an example, while we ignore weaknesses.
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